I have heard that Shi'ite's believe the Prophet and some of his descendants to be "sinless"...?
I'll give a paraphrase of an answer provided by an Islamic scholar (Murtaza Mutahhari).
Ismah (sinlessness) depends upon (iman) faith (in the Islamic sense, not in the sense
of uncomphrending, blind belief) and understanding. Now, we could say that it is
a sin to jump into a fire and so destroy your life. We don't commit such an act because
we have full knowledge of the danger of such an act.
Muslims accept certain acts prohibited by Islam to be sinful and so refrain from
them. For example, since Islam has forbidden alcohol and gambling, we refrain from
them since we know that the harm that is in these things is greater than the good
in them. But the risk these sins involve is not as clear as the risk involved in
jumping into a fire. If we were as convinced of the harm of these sins as the harm
of entering a fire, we would be "masoom" (sinless) as far as these particular
sins were considered. The extent of a persons sinlessness, then, depends upon the
extent of his faith and knowledge. The scope of the "protection" afforded
one from his sins, depends upon the degree of the perfection of his faith - it depends
upon the degree to which he has purified his "self"(nafs) and the degree
to which he comphrends realities and partakes of knowledge.
Now, according to Islamic belief, the extent of the faith (iman) and knowledge
of the Prophet(s.a.) is that of one who recieves revelation directly from God - whose
iman(faith) is based on the certainty and experience of the metaphysical realities
spoken of in the Qur'an and whose knowledge flows directly from God.
When someone reaches to this stage, they see the realities behind existing things,
and the difference between that which is harmful (sinful) and beneficial is piercingly
clear to them. When they are aware of the true realities behind existence, they refrain
from what is sinful in the same way that an ordinary person refrains from throwing
himself into a fire that would destroy him. They are purified from sin. The Qur'an
says:
As the Qur'an says, they achieve the highest stages of nearness to God, the highest Grace.
They have the quality of Ismah, protection granted them by God (through perfect faith and knowledge) as a blessing for their efforts. The Qur'an mentions that, to these people, a special protection is available:
For more information on this subject, I refer you to the works of Mutahhari, Tabatabai, and other Shi'ite scholars.